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Web Server Environment Configuration CheatSheet

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Shell commands for web server environment configuration in Ubuntu, quickly build a web server environment.

Basic Environment

基础环境配置，安装常用 shell 工具。

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sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade -y && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade -y && sudo apt autoremove -y
sudo apt-get install -y zsh vim curl wget cloc unzip zip graphviz tree build-essential make cmake git openssh-server netcat net-tools tmux
echo "set -g mouse on" > ~/.tmux.conf

ZSH

安装 zsh，更换默认 shell 为 oh-my-zsh，同时安装语法高亮与自动补全插件，并且更换 zsh 的主题为 bira。

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sudo apt-get update
chsh -s $(which zsh)
git clone https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh.git ~/.oh-my-zsh
cp ~/.oh-my-zsh/templates/zshrc.zsh-template ~/.zshrc
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions
sed -i 's/plugins=(git)/plugins=(git zsh-syntax-highlighting zsh-autosuggestions)/g' ~/.zshrc
sed -i 's/ZSH_THEME="robbyrussell"/ZSH_THEME="bira"/g' ~/.zshrc

V2ray

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sudo bash <(curl -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/v2fly/fhs-install-v2ray/master/install-release.sh)
sudo vim /usr/local/etc/v2ray/config.json

Web Server

Apache2

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sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y apache2

Apache2 Configuration

修改 Apache2 mpm-prefork 模式的并发数量。

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sudo sed -i "s/StartServers\s+\d+/StartServers 20/g" /etc/apache2/mods-available/mpm_prefork.conf
sudo sed -i "s/MinSpareServers\s+\d+/MinSpareServers 20/g" /etc/apache2/mods-available/mpm_prefork.conf
sudo sed -i "s/MaxSpareServers\s+\d+/MaxSpareServers 30/g" /etc/apache2/mods-available/mpm_prefork.conf
sudo sed -i "s/MaxClients\s+\d+/MaxClients 500/g" /etc/apache2/mods-available/mpm_prefork.conf
sudo sed -i "s/MaxRequestsPerChild\s+\d+/MaxRequestsPerChild 10000/g" /etc/apache2/mods-available/mpm_prefork.conf
sudo sed -i "11a\\\tServerLimit 500" /etc/apache2/mods-available/mpm_prefork.conf

开启 URL 重写，设置默认的 ServerName，并重启 Apache。

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sudo sed -i "s/AllowOverride None/AllowOverride ALL/g" /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
sudo a2enmod rewrite
echo "ServerName localhost" | sudo tee -a /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
sudo systemctl restart apache2

Server-Side Languages

PHP

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sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y php libapache2-mod-php

Dependency

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sudo apt-get install -y "php-(bcmath|gmp|ldap|simplexml|mysqli|curl|dom|xml|intl|pdo|gd|mysql|json|imap|imagick|sqlite3|zip|soap|mbstring|cgi|fpm|pear)"
sudo systemctl restart apache2

Composer

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php -r "copy('https://getcomposer.org/installer', 'composer-setup.php');";
sudo php composer-setup.php --install-dir=/usr/bin --filename=composer;
rm composer-setup.php

PHP Multi-Version

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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php && sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/apache2
# Install another php.
sudo apt-get install -y php5.6 php7.4 php8.1
sudo apt-get install -y "php5.6-(bcmath|gmp|ldap|mysqli|curl|dom|xml|intl|pdo|gd|mysql|json|imap|imagick|sqlite3|zip|soap|mbstring|cgi|fpm|pear)"
sudo apt-get install -y "php7.4-(bcmath|gmp|ldap|mysqli|curl|dom|xml|intl|pdo|gd|mysql|json|imap|imagick|sqlite3|zip|soap|mbstring|cgi|fpm|pear)"
sudo apt-get install -y "php8.1-(bcmath|gmp|ldap|mysqli|curl|dom|xml|intl|pdo|gd|mysql|json|imap|imagick|sqlite3|zip|soap|mbstring|cgi|fpm|pear)"
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade -y && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade -y && sudo apt autoremove -y
# Switch php for apache. Disable current used php.
sudo a2dismod php-7.4
# Enable the php which you want to use.
sudo a2enmod php-8.1
# Reboot server.
sudo systemctl restart apache2
# Switch php for commandline.
sudo update-alternatives --config php

PHP INI Configuration

仅在测试环境下可能会用到的配置，为了便于 debug。

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sudo sed -i "s/disable_functions = /; disable_functions = /g" /etc/php/?.?/apache2/php.ini
sudo sed -i "s/max_execution_time = 30/max_execution_time = 60/g" /etc/php/?.?/apache2/php.ini
sudo sed -i "s/max_input_time = 60/max_input_time = -1/g" /etc/php/?.?/apache2/php.ini
sudo sed -i "s/;max_input_vars = 1000/max_input_vars = 3000/g" /etc/php/?.?/apache2/php.ini
sudo sed -i "s/memory_limit = 128M/memory_limit = 256M/g" /etc/php/?.?/apache2/php.ini
sudo sed -i "s/display_errors = Off/display_errors = On/g" /etc/php/?.?/apache2/php.ini
sudo sed -i "s/display_startup_errors = Off/display_startup_errors = On/g" /etc/php/?.?/apache2/php.ini
sudo sed -i "s/post_max_size = 8M/post_max_size = 32M/g" /etc/php/?.?/apache2/php.ini
sudo sed -i "s/allow_url_include = Off/allow_url_include = On/g" /etc/php/?.?/apache2/php.ini
sudo sed -i "s/;mysqli.allow_local_infile = On/mysqli.allow_local_infile = On/g" /etc/php/?.?/apache2/php.ini
sudo sed -i "s/session.gc_maxlifetime = 1440/session.gc_maxlifetime = 259200/g" /etc/php/?.?/apache2/php.ini
sudo sed -i "s/session.cookie_lifetime = 0/session.cookie_lifetime = 259200/g" /etc/php/?.?/apache2/php.ini
sudo systemctl restart apache2

Java

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sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y default-jdk

Python

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sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y python2 python3 python3-pip python3-flask python3-django python3-requests python3-venv

NodeJS

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sudo apt-get update
curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_16.x | sudo -E bash -
sudo apt-get install -y nodejs

GO

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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:longsleep/golang-backports
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y golang-go

Rust

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curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh

C/C++

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sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y gcc g++

Database

MySQL

注意安装完成后需要从 /etc/mysql/debian.cnf 中获取默认的 MySQL 用户名和密码，用此用户名密码登录成功后再修改 root 的密码。

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sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y mysql-server mysql-client
# Get mysql default username.
sudo cat /etc/mysql/debian.cnf | grep user
# Get mysql default password.
sudo cat /etc/mysql/debian.cnf | grep password
# Using it to login mysqsl.
mysql -u xxxx -p
# Change password to "root".
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified with mysql_native_password by 'root';

Redis

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sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y redis

SQLite

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sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y sqlite3

PostgreSQL

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sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y postgresql